中世纪骑士比武的历史演变——从暴力到表演

Historical evolution of medieval knight competition——From violence to performance

以中世纪骑士比武的演变历程为研究主线,结合当时的社会发展背景,对骑士比武的几种主要形式进行分析。研究认为,骑士比武由于战争的需要而兴起,初期的群战比武充满暴力与血腥,群战比武主要目的是加强对骑士的军事训练。其后随着社会的发展一对一的长矛比武取代群战比武,成为展示骑士精神的重要平台。骑士比武发展到后期出现跑马刺环和长矛击靶两种骑士比武方式,演变到化装比武阶段,最终成为一种讲究仪式程序、注重竞技规则、塑造个人形象的竞技活动,从这一发展历程可以发现骑士比武的逐步去暴力化倾向,同时从另一侧面看到了人类竞技体育文明的演变轨迹。

By basing the research mainline on the course of evolution of medieval knight competition,coupled with social development background at that time,the authors analyzed several major forms of knight competition,and put forward the following opinions:knight competition emerged due to the need of war;in the beginning period,group competition was full of violence and blood,its main purpose was to intensify military training on knights via group competition;later,with the development of society,one on one spear competition replaced group competition,becoming an important platform for showing knight spirit;when knight competition developed into the late period,such two ways of knight competition as hitting a ring or target with a spear on a running horse appeared,ultimately knight competition evolved into costumed competition,becoming a competitive activity that was provided with a strict ritual procedure,valuing competition rules,and for building individual image;from this course of development,the trend of knight competition gradually becoming less and less violent can be found,and at the same time,the trace of evolution of human sports competitive activity civilization can be seen from the other side.