健康信念和社会支持对青少年体育锻炼影响的调查分析

Investigation and analysis of the influence of health belief and social support on teenager physical exercise

从健康信念与社会支持出发,探讨二者对青少年体育锻炼的影响。采用修订的体质健康信念量表、青少年社会支持量表和体育活动等级量表,对1 945名13~18岁学生(男747名,女1 198名)进行调查。结果表明:青少年具备相对合理的体质健康信念和社会支持,但锻炼状况却不能让人满意(强度小、持续时间短)。体质健康信念、社会支持和体育锻炼在青少年人口统计学性别和年级变量上存在差异,其中,女生社会支持水平高于男生,而男生体质健康信念和体育锻炼优于女生;预备班女生体质健康信念最高,男生锻炼持续时间最长;高二男生锻炼强度和频率最高;低年级女生锻炼持续时间优于高年级女生。体质健康信念、社会支持对体育锻炼的回归效应皆显著;在社会支持基础上,体质健康信念对体育锻炼回归效应显著,即社会支持在体质健康信念解释体育锻炼时具备部分中介效应。结论:体质健康信念和社会支持是影响青少年锻炼坚持性的重要变量;培养体质健康认知和信念、给予足够的社会支持,是促进青少年积极、自主参与体育锻炼的一个有效途径。

Starting with health belief and social support,the author probed into their influence on teenager physical exercise.By using the revised Physical Health Belief Scale,and Teenager Social Support Scale,the author investigated1945students aged13-18(747males,1198females).The results indicated the followings:the teenagers had relatively rational physical health belief and social support,but their exercise condition was barely satisfactory(low intensity,short duration);physical health belief,social support and physical exercise were different in terms of the gender and grade variables in teenager demography,therein,the female students’social support level was higher than the male students’,while the male students’physical health belief and physical exercise were better than the female students’;in preparatory classes,the female students had the highest health belief,while the male students had the longest exercise duration;male sophomores had the highest exercise intensity and frequency;female junior students’exercise duration was better than female senior students’;the regression effects of physical health belief and social support on physical exercise were significant;on the basis of social support,the regression effect of physical health belief on physical exercise was significant,i.e.social support had a partial mediating effect when physical health belief explained physical exercise.Conclusions:Physical health belief and social support are important variables that affect teenagers’exercise persistence;cultivating physical health cognition and belief,and giving adequate social support,is an effective way to promote teenagers to participate in physical exercise in an active and autonomic way.