优秀女子200m蛙泳运动员技术特征分析

Analysis of the technical characteristics of excellent female 200m breastrokers

采用视频解析、数理统计等方法对全国游泳冠军赛女子200 m蛙泳运动员参赛出发、转身、途中游和触壁阶段技术进行对比分析,得到以下结果:运动员出发阶段主要经水下完成,提升长划臂系列动作连贯性,避免过度滑行,快速过渡至出水起游更利于该阶段技术效果提升;途中游技术呈现男子化、短距离化的高划频技术发展趋势,单纯追求划幅最大化难以满足现阶段项目竞争需要,挖掘划频、划幅组合潜力,提高后程速度稳定性和划幅保持能力应成为训练落脚点;专项转身技术训练应充分重视水下环节对转身阶段技术效果的影响,通过提升水下长划臂系列动作效率和各转身段出水时间、出水距离保持能力,促进转身阶段技术水平的提高;触壁阶段虽短,但对运动员竞技水平的影响不容忽视,完善触壁技术,避免动作周期影响,提升终点冲刺能力应作为触壁阶段技术训练的基础。

By using methods such as video analysis and mathematical statistics,the author did a comparative analysis on techniques used by female200m breaststrokers participating in National Swimming Championships at the starting,turning,midway swimming and wall touching stages,and drew the following conclusions:the starting stage of the swimmers was mainly completed underwater;promoting long stroking series movement consistency,avoiding over gliding,and quickly transiting to out-of-water swimming,are conducive to promoting the technical effect of this stage;midway swimming technique shows a trend of development of man-like and short-distance-like high frequency stroking technique;it is difficult for simply pursuing stroking span maximization to meet event competition need at the current stage;digging the potential of stroking frequency and stroking span combination,and increasing final stage speed stability and stroking span maintaining ability,should become training footholds;in dedicated turning technique training,full attention should be paid to the effect of underwater links on the technical effect of the turning stage;the improvement of technical performance at the turning stage should be promoted by improving underwater long stroking series movement efficiency as well as the out-of-water time and out-of-water distance maintaining ability at various turns;although the wall touching stage is short,its effect on swimmer competition performance is not negligible;perfecting wall touching technique,avoiding the periodical effect of movements,and promoting final sprinting ability,should become the foundation for wall touching stage technique training.