干旱区景观格局综合优化:黑河中游案例

Integrated Landscape Pattern Optimization in Arid Region: A Case Study of Middle Reaches of Heihe River

选择黑河中游为研究区,通过生态系统服务价值、景观连接性和生境质量识别核心生态源地,根据显性阻力、隐性阻力、地形和道路数据构建生态阻力面,基于最小累积阻力模型识别生态廊道网络与节点,并进行生态功能分区,进而从点、线、面进行景观格局优化。结果表明:1)黑河中游生境质量较好的斑块仅占总面积的13.77%,主要由湿地、高-中覆盖度草地和耕地构成,集中分布在东南部大起伏中高山以及黑河干流两侧;2)主干生态廊道呈东南-西北走向贯穿整个研究区,辅助生态廊道主要连接核心生态源地与主干生态廊道,分支廊道主要分布在东部,连接相邻主干廊道(或是源地),生态节点多分布在生态廊道薄弱的地方;3)根据累积阻力值频率突变与空间分布特点,将黑河中游分为生态缓冲区、生态连通区、生态过渡区和生态边缘区4个功能区,并在此基础上针对生态源地、生态廊道和生态节点提出建设策略。研究结果可为黑河中游生态系统管理提供切实可行的科学指导。

Middle reaches of Heihe river was chosen as the study area,and meanwhile the core ecological sourcewas identified by biodiversity service,landscape connectivity and habitat quality,and the ecological resistancesurface was built by recessive ecological resistance,comprehensive ecological resistance,topography data and streetdata.Based on the Minimum Cumulative Resistance Model,the ecological corridor network and ecological nodeswere identified and a landscape function regionalization was proposed,finally the landscape pattern was optimizedfrom point,line and surface three levels.The results are as follows.1)The patches with better habitat qualityaccounted for only13.77%of the total area,are mainly composed of wetland,high and medium covered grasslandand cultivated land,concentrated distributed in the big ups and downs mountains in southeast and the both sides ofthe main stream of Heihe River.2)The main ecological corridor throughout the study area from southeast tonorthwest,the core ecological source and the main ecological corridors are connected by the subsidiary ecologicalcorridors,adjacent main corridors(or sources)are connected by branch corridors,which is mainly distributed in theeast;ecological nodes are mainly distributed in the weak parts of ecological corridors.3)Based on the frequencyand spatial distribution feature of the minimum cumulative resistance,the area is divided into ecological bufferarea,ecological connected area,ecological transition area and ecological edge area four functional areas,construction strategies aiming at ecological sources,ecological corridors and ecological nodes are proposed.Theresults can provide feasible scientific guidance for ecosystem management in middle reaches of Heihe River.