内源污染控制技术研究进展

The Advance of Control Techniques for Internal Pollution

内源污染已成为水体污染的重要来源,严重时可引起水体黑臭,甚至威胁人类健康。外源污染是内源污染的重要来源。近年来环保工作者在重视外源污染控制的同时,通过科学、系统的研究和实践提出了多项行之有效的物理、化学和生物技术以实现对内源污染的控制。文章对内源污染定义、污染物种类及危害、污染现状、各控制技术定义及优缺点等内容进行了总结,同时提出未来各技术可能的研究方向。主要结论如下:(1)底泥疏挖能有效移除污染底泥,但存在引发二次污染和破坏底泥生境的风险;(2)底泥覆盖能减少污染物向水体扩散,但存在不能移除污染物和随时间推移覆盖层遭破坏等问题;(3)化学修复能有效去除污染物,但化学药品可引起二次污染和其他污染物异常释放,其更适用于应急处理;(4)生物修复具有费用低、管理简单、环境友好、有效时间长等优点。但受动植物耐受性影响,动物修复和植物修复在重污染环境适用性较差。相较于物理和化学修复,生物修复是较有潜力的内源污染控制方式。最后,依据未来发展的需要,提出以生物修复技术为基础,大力发展底泥生态修复技术,实现底泥自我净化,减少人为干预的内源污染控制观点。

Internal pollution has played a fairly important role on water pollution.It could cause water black-odor and threat human healthy when internal pollution was very severe.External pollution was the important source for internal pollution.The environmentalists has paid attention to managing external pollution,meanwhile also has established many efficient techniques included physical method,chemical technology and bioremediation for controlling internal pollution through scientific and systematic research and application.By referring to plenty of many literatures,the concept of internal pollution,the kinds of contaminants and those harms,the current situation of internal pollution,the concept and pros and cons on control techniques were summarized.At the same time possible research fields of each technique were involved.Some significant results were also got:(1)Contaminated sediment can be removed by digging.But this method may cause secondary pollution and habitat destruction;(2)the trend of pollutant diffusion into water can be weakened by capping.But the technique can5t eliminate pollutant out of sediment and the covering layer may destroy with duration;(3)Chemical technology can wipe pollutant out off sediment,but chemistry used for controlling internal pollution may induce secondary pollution and other contaminant to be release abnormally.Chemical technology is suitable for emergency in genera;And(4)the advantages of bioremediation include economy,management-easily,environment-friendly,long valid period and so on.Take account of the tolerance of animals and plants,fauna remediation and phytoremediation are not appropriate for heavy pollution.But comparison with physical and chemical technology,bioremediation possesses great potential for internal pollution in controlling techniques.Finally,according to demand in future,the viewpoint that ecology restoration will be further developed base on bioremediation is established,and achieves sediment to self-purify contaminants under less human Intervention.