艾滋病歧视的根源与反歧视策略研究

An Empirical Study on the Generative Mechanism of HIV/AIDS-related Stigma

国内现有关于艾滋病污名与歧视的研究大多假定在歧视艾滋病与艾滋病知识之间存在负相关,并通过基线调查、干预试验与干预后调查来验证这一假设,继而提出通过传播艾滋病知识进行健康教育消除歧视的策略。然而,恰恰是人们所掌握的艾滋病知识与信息而不是无知导致了污名与歧视。因此,考察人们获取艾滋病相关信息的途径以及这些信息对其认知、行为的影响,才是挖掘歧视的根源的关键。本研究从承载艾滋病相关知识与信息的健康教育材料以及艾滋病防治活动过程中医疗卫生工作人员与目标人群的互动入手,考察艾滋病歧视产生的根源,并提出相应的反歧视策略。

HIV-related stigma and discrimination have attached attention from government and academic institutions.Chinese epidemiologists tend to rely on the KAPB tool(i.e.,a measurement of knowledge,attitude,practice,and behavior)as the starting point of their research.They suggest that ignorance leads to stigma and that consistent health education is the key in anti-stigma campaign.Based on the fieldwork in Southwest China,the authors suggest that HIV/AIDS-related stigma comes from the interactions between the health professionals and their targeted groups.Therefore,changing the HIV discourse dominated by the health professionals is the very first step in fighting against HIV/AIDS-related stigma.