俄罗斯科技发展制约因素与优先政策选择

Constrains for the Development of Russian Science and Technology and Preferential Policy Options

科技高水平发展和先进科技成果的生产应用,早已成为世界各国的共识和致力发展的目标。从20世纪末开始,俄罗斯为建立以科技为依托的创新型经济作了很多尝试与努力,但取得的成果并不尽如人意。受乌克兰危机及由此引发的西方国家多轮制裁的影响,2014年起,俄罗斯经济出现了停滞和下滑。落后于西方国家的俄罗斯科技发展水平,未能在危机时期起到提振经济的关键作用。俄罗斯科技的发展受到多种因素的制约,是内因和外因共同作用的结果。当前俄罗斯政府将发展国防工业作为优先政策选择,符合俄罗斯的实际情况,以此可以实现摆脱制裁影响、刺激科技进步和成果转化、维护国家安全和促进经济增长的目的。

Since the end of the 20th century,Russia has made many attempts and efforts to build an innovative economy based on science and technology,but the results have been disappointing.Russia’s economy has been stagnating and declining since 2014 due to the western sanctions against it.Russia’s technological development,which lags behind western countries,has failed to boost the economy in times of crisis.The development of Russian science and technology is restricted by internal and external factors.At present,Russian government considers the defense industry as a priority policy options,which conforms to the Russian current situation.Through it Russia can carries its points as follow:overcoming the western sanctions,stimulating the converting military scientific and technological into civilian production,maintaining national security and promoting economic growth.