《〈政治经济学批判〉导言》的启示:建构文学理论面对文学实践的中介范畴

Implications of Preface to the Critique of Political Economy:The Construction of the Intermediary Category of Literary Theory for Literature Practice

当下中国文学理论正遭受方法论的束缚,二元思维的方法及观念化的方法,使文学理论僵化且远离文学实践。在这方面,马克思《政治经济学批判》以其对于现实重要问题的研究,及求解这类问题运用的由一般提升为具体的逻辑方法,对中国文学理论的方法论突围产生重要的引导意义。而且,马克思在《〈政治经济学批判〉导言》中又专门分析与阐释了这套方法,更使这种引导意义明晰而且深刻。从简单范畴到具体范畴,从范畴关联到关联范畴的相互作用,从范畴关系思考到与现实具体的对应参照,从逻辑思维到思维的历史方式,《〈政治经济学批判〉导言》揭示与运用的这套方法,是中国文学理论方法论突围的根据。

The binary thinking method and the ideation method,which are currently fettering Chinese literary theory,rigidify the literary theory and distance it from the literature practice.In this respect,Marx's research practice in Critique of Politic a l Economy,devoted to addressing practical problems,and the logical method he employed by ascending from the general to the specific will play a critical role in guiding the methodology of Chinese literary theory to make a breakthrough.Moreover,the specialized analysis and explanation of this method in Preface to the Critique of Political Economy clarify and highlight its significance.From simple categories to concrete categories,from category relevance to the interaction of related categories,from the thinking on category relation to the corresponding reference from the reality,from logical thinking to the historical manner of thinking,the series of methods that Preface to the Critique of Political Economy reveals and applies gives us a hint of how to make a breakthrough in the methodology of the Chinese literary theory.