《文心雕龙》“杼轴献功”疑义辨析

The Achievement of Shuttle and Loom(杼轴献功 Zhù Zhóu Xiàn Gōng):An Important Concept in The Literary Mind and The Carving of Dragons(文心雕龙 Wén Xīn Diāo Lóng)

《文心雕龙·神思》篇所探讨的文学构思,实则包括两种不同性质的创作活动,一是灵感支配下的文学想象,二是以文本为指向的理性运思。"博而能一"是文本运思的基本原则,包括"博见"与"贯一"两端。"若情数诡杂,体变迁贸,拙辞或孕于巧义,庸事或萌于新意"是"贯一"的反例。"杼轴献功"与"贯一"紧密呼应,既不是指修饰润色,也不是指艺术想象,而是指选择文体、谋篇布局、组织语言的运思活动。刘勰极其重视灵感和想象,又格外强调"杼轴献功"的重要作用。他在两者之间的微妙态度,与其生命趣味和文化使命感之落差有很大的关系。

“State of Mind”(神思Shen Si)in The Literary Mind The Carving of Drag-ons carries out a discussion on literary conception,which virtually refers to two different lit-erary activities:inspiration-dominating literary imagination and text-oriented concep-tion.The basic principle of text-oriented conception is“thoroughness in profundity”(博而能一Bo Er Neng Yi),the two ends of which are“profound knowledge”(博见Bo Jian)and“thorough expression”(贯一Guan Yi).The following expression is opposite to“thorough expression”:“The variety of states of mind may be peculiar and mixed;the mutations of normative form shift just as often.Plain and simple diction may be made pregnant by some artful truth;commonplace matters may be brought to sprout by fresh concept.”“When shuttle and loom set their achievements before us”is a metaphor,which does not mean edi-ting or artistic imagination,but means choice of literature genre?textual design and lin-guistic arrangement.Liu Xie(刘勰),the author of The Literary Mind and The Carving of Dragons,highly valued inspiration and imagination,and meanwhile put much emphasis on“the achievement of shuttle and loom”as well.His subtle attitude between the two ends is closely related to the huge gap between his personal taste and his responsibility of cultural inheritance.