创业学习、创业能力与创业成功间关系研究回顾与展望

Review and Prospect of Relationships among Entrepreneurial Learning,Entrepreneurial Abilities and Entrepreneurial Successes

创业学习、创业能力已成为创业学研究的重点议题,创业成功也逐渐走入学界的视野,备受关注。由于国内关于创业学习、创业能力与创业成功间关系的研究较少,本文首先搜索了国外近二十年发表在顶级期刊的72篇文献,经对比分析后,甄选出28篇文献进行重点研究分析。其次,本文系统地梳理、回顾了创业学习、创业能力与创业成功的研究视角及流派,对不同视角及流派的理论研究做了对比分析,对不同结果的实证研究按直接效应、中介效应和调节作用三方面归类。最后,本文构建了创业学习、创业能力与创业成功的关系整合模型,并对未来三者的研究方向进行了总体展望,为创业学习、创业能力与创业成功间关系的后续研究提供借鉴或参考。

To survive under dynamic environment,enterprises must know how to develop complete business strategies under market circumstances and their internal environment.Through constant theoretical and practical ex-plorations,classical organizational learning theories such as inquiry-based learning,exploitative learning,experiential learning,cognitive learning,single-loop learning and double-loop learning have emerged.Indeed,learning is neces-sary,whereas its final outcomes are dependent upon the manners in which organizations make reasonable use of knowledge and information they acquire.Such proper use of knowledge and information just reflects strategic capabili-ties of an enterprise and its management team.However,it is still impossible to make sure if an enterprise can succeed or not even if it is good at acquiring knowledge and has excellent capacities for management,because business envi-ronment and customer needs are changing.As a consequence,enterprises are expected to constantly update their prod-ucts and businesses.They are prone to fail once their principal businesses can,t adapt to new market demands.Therefore,there must be certain associations among learning,abilities and successes,which are also mediated by environment.Priyanto(2005)has pointed out that to avoid too early losses,entrepreneurs are supposed to realize the importance of grasping knowledge about business management at the beginning of entrepreneurship,and to mas-ter basic management capabilities.Nowadays,in research about theories about organizational learning and capacity,the focus has been gradually shifted from learning methods of mature enterprises to those of small and medium-sized enterprises,small and micro enterprises or entrepreneurs.Besides,learning and capabilities of small and medium-sized enterprises as well as entrepreneurs are categorized as“entrepreneurial learning”and“entrepreneurial abili-ties^.Nonetheless,research on entrepreneurship is not only confined to small and medium-sized enterprises as well as entrepreneurs,but also covers second-time entrepreneurship of large enterprises.Therefore,entrepreneurship re-search is quite meaningful for directing various enterprises.In addition,enterprises are crucial driving forces for re-vitalizing economy of a country or an area,so entrepreneurship studies play important instructive roles in promoting economic growth of a country.However,entrepreneurial learning,entrepreneurial abilities and entrepreneurial successes have been seldom studied in China,let alone integrated studies of their relationships.Thus,numerous English materials have been col-lected by this survey.The data have been gathered from databases such as“Elsevier ScienceEmerald’,,“Springer-link”,“ProQuest”,“EBSCO”and72English literatures with keywords of“entrepreneurial learning”,u organizational learning^dynamic capability^,u entrepreneurial capability^,u entrepreneurial ability^entrepre-neurial competency^,44entrepreneurial successentrepreneurial performance”,‘‘business success”that have been completed over the past20years or so.After careful reading and selection,10literatures,minutes and book re-views that deviate from the subject are deleted.At last,62English literatures are selected and28out of them are particularly analyzed.Among these28literatures,there are14theoretical studies and14empirical studies,which were completed within the period from1992to2015.After data preparation,the research steps of this paper are taken as follows.First of all,numerous foreign theo-retical studies concerning entrepreneurial learning,entrepreneurial abilities and entrepreneurial successes are re-viewed and sorted out this in paper.Meanwhile,theoretical studies about different perspectives and schools are com-paratively analyzed.Secondly,empirical studies of pertinent foreign literatures are generally summarized to make a general comparative analysis of relevant studies about relationships among entrepreneurial learning,entrepreneurial abilities and entrepreneurial successes from the perspective of their direct effects,mediating effects and moderating effects.At last,an integrated model is built for relationships among entrepreneurial learning,entrepreneurial abilities and entrepreneurial successes.Furthermore,this paper generally looks into future research directions about entrepre-neurial learning,entrepreneurial abilities and entrepreneurial successes,in order to make it convenient for domestic scholars to further explore these three aspects.