工作创造政策的实践与评估综述

A Review on Practices and Evaluation of Job Creation Policies

工作创造政策是发达国家积极劳动力市场政策的重要组成部分。发达国家工作创造政策实践各有不同,但从大类上可以分为直接工作创造政策、就业补贴政策和自雇佣扶持政策。工作创造政策的目标在于刺激劳动力市场产生更多的就业岗位,但有时政策处理不当会导致市场扭曲。对工作创造政策的评估包括评估政策的直接效应和间接效应,后者又可细分为净损失效应、替代效应和转移效应等。本文总结了评价各类工作创造政策的框架,并根据该框架对发达国家部分工作创造政策评价进行了综述。以各国工作创造政策实践及效果为依据,本文给出了中国制定工作创造政策的政策建议。

Chinese economy has entered into N e w Normal.Alongside with decreasing growth rate,industry structural adjustment on the supply-side and a new round of technological revolution,Chinese government has adopted various job creation policies to tackle with more serious unemployment problem.Though some researchers suggested considering indirect effect,the positive employment effect would decrease,job creation policies were considered as effectiveness by policy makers in advanced industrial countries.This research reviews the main practices of job creation policies in advanced industrial countries.By constructing the analytical framework of policy evaluation,this research reviews the empirical results of job creation policy evaluations.Learning lessons from existing job creation policies will help establish more effective policies.