基于SSR分子标记的大蒜种质资源遗传多样性研究

The Study on the Genetic Diversity of Garlic Germplasm Based on SSR Molecular Marker

大蒜为无性繁殖作物,其生物学特征在经历气候变迁、自然选择和人工选择后发生了多方面变异,从而形成了众多地方品种。因此,研究大蒜种质资源的遗传多样性为大蒜的科学分类及品种鉴定、保存、遗传改良提供科学依据。采用SSR(简单重复序列,simple sequence repeats)分子标记技术对55份大蒜种质的基因组DNA进行多态性扩增。用POPGENE version1.32软件计算有效等位基因数Ne、Nei’s遗传相似系数(GS)、遗传距离(GD)、Nei’s遗传多样性指数、Shannon信息指数等指标,并采用NTSYS pc 21-2软件进行种质间的UPGMA(非加权组平均法,un-weighted pair-group method)聚类分析和基于Nei’s遗传距离的组群间聚类分析。结果表明,7对引物共扩增出75条带,多态性条带为73条(多态性比率为97.33%),每对引物平均扩增出10.71个位点和10.43个多态性位点,说明SSR分子标记揭示的多态性强。55份大蒜种质的平均Nei’s遗传多样性指数和平均Shannon信息指数分别为0.1335和0.2278。大蒜具有较高的遗传多样性,聚为一类的大蒜多来源于相同或相近区域。

Garlic is an asexual reproductive crop,a lot of local varieties were formed due to the mutation induced by climate change,natural selection and artificial selection.The research on genetic diversity of Garlic Germplasm Resources provided scientific basis for garlic scientific classification,identification,preservation and genetic improvement.Simple sequence repeats(SSR)molecular marker technique was used for polymorphic amplification for genomic DNA of55garlic germplasm.POPGENE version1.32software calculated the effective bit gene number,Nei’s genetic similar coefficient,genetic distance,Nei’s genetic diversity index and Shannon's information index and other indicators.NTSYS PC software was used for UPGMA(non weighted average method)cluster analysis and inter cluster analysis of genetic distance based on Nei's.The results show that75bands were obtained from7pairs of primers,among which73bands showed polymorphic bands(97.33%).Each pair of primers amplified10.71loci and10.43polymorphic loci,SSR molecular markers have strong polymorphism.The genetic diversity index and the average information index of55garlic accessions were0.1335and0.2278.Garlic has a high genetic diversity,the most of garlic known as one category was from the same or similar area.