“三种社会形态论”与“四种生产方式论”再研究——以《资本论》及手稿为中心

The “Three Social Formations” and “Four Modes of Production” Revisited:An Analysis Centered on Das Kapital and Its Original Manuscripts

"三种社会形态论"与"四种生产方式论"的再研究对于重新理解"五种社会形态论",进而对于历史唯物主义基本原理的当代发展具有重要理论意义,对于科学认识中国特色社会主义道路具有重要的现实意义。不能仅仅基于《1857—1858年经济学手稿》的"三种社会形态论"表述,局限于交换关系层面来理解其内涵,而是应该基于《资本论》从生产关系层面重新理解其深刻内涵。同时,也不能仅仅从历史进程的先后次序性角度把"四种生产方式论"简单化,而是应当从历史规律的深刻视角来把握其复杂内涵。"三种社会形态论"与"四种生产方式论"之间的统一性实质上是普遍规律与多元道路、历史规律与主体活动的统一性。正确把握"三种社会形态论"与"四种生产方式论"的统一性与差异性,对于推进历史唯物主义的当代发展、深化中国特色社会主义道路的科学认识具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。

A re-investigation of the propositions on the 'three social formations'and 'four modes of production'is of great theoretical significance to re-thinking the 'five social formations,'and consequently,to the contemporary development of historical materialism. It also has practical significance to scientifically understanding the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Our understanding shall not be confined within the'three social formations'as expressed in the 1857-1858 Economics Manuscript or within the exchange relations,but should take as out departure point the production relations in Das Kapital. In the meantime,we must avoid simplification of the'four modes of production'based on the chronical order in historical process,but should grasp its complexity from the perspective of the law of history. The unity of the'three social formations'and 'four modes of production'is essentially the unity of universal law and diverse paths,the law of history and the action of the subject. Correct understanding of their unity and differences is of great theoretical and practical significance to promoting the contemporary development of historical materialism and deepening the scientific understanding of the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.