酸汤子玉米面团中微生物多样性分析

Microbial Diversity Analysis of Corn Sourdough for Suantangzi,a Traditional Northwestern Chinese Fermented Food Product

酸汤子是我国北方地区一种营养丰富、风味独特的民族传统食品,深受满族及东北人民的喜爱。多样的微生物在酸汤子玉米面团的营养品质形成过程中,发挥着极其重要的作用,然而到目前为止,对满族传统发酵食品酸汤子面团中的微生物菌群多样性,仍不明确。以不同地区采集的酸汤子玉米面团为研究对象,利用聚合酶链式反应结合变性梯度凝胶电泳技术探究了酸汤子中微生物菌群多样性。结果表明:在9份酸汤子面团中共鉴定出14种真菌,分别为Saccharomyces castellii、Geotrichun candidum、Simplicillium lanosoniveum、Rhizochaete sulphurosa、Guehomyces pullulans、Debaryomyces hansenii、Fusarium culmorum、Trichoderma brevicompactum、Oryza lonqistaminata、Geotrichun fraqrans、Galactomyces candidum、G.geotrichum、Geotrichum sp.和Galactomyces sp.。鉴于S.castellii在多数样品中被检测,推测其为酸汤样品中真菌的优势发酵菌种。鉴定出4种细菌,分别是Bacillus pumilu、Lactobacillus tucceti、L.plantarum和Weissella paramesenteroides。由于W.paramesenteroides在多数样品中被检测出,推测其为酸汤样品细菌的优势菌群。

The Suantangzi is a traditional ethnic food with good nutritional properties and unique flavor,which is popularamong Manchu people and northeastern Chinese people.The diverse microbes in corn sourdough for Sutangzi play anextremely important role in the development of its nutritional quality.However,the microbial community diversity is stillunclear today.This study aimed to study the diversity of the microflora in nine samples of Suantangzi sourdough collectedfrom different regions by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(PCR-DGGE).The resultsshowed that a total of14species of fungi were identified from these samples,including Saccharomyces castellii,Geotrichuncandidum,Simplicillium lanosoniveum,Rhizochaete sulphurosa,Guehomyces pullulans,Debaryomyces hansenii,Fusarium culmorum,Trichoderma brevicompactum,Oryza lonqistaminata,Geotrichun fraqrans,Galactomyces candidum,Galactomyces geotrichum,Geotrichum sp.and Galactomyces sp.S.castellii was detected in most samples.Based on thisobservation,S.castellii was predicted to be the dominant fungal species in Suantangzi.Moreover,4species of bacteria werealso identified,including Bacillus pumilu,Lactobacillus tucceti,Lactobacillus plantarum and Weissella paramesenteroides.Weissella paramesenteroides was supposed to be the dominant species for the widest distribution in the samples.