论清代扬州盐商与自贡盐商之异同

The Similarities and Differences between Yangzhou and Zigong salt merchants in Qing Dynasty

清代扬州盐商与自贡盐商作为东西部两大互相竞争的盐业生产经营群体主要存在着三大不同:一是两者社会身份不同:扬州盐商是地道商人,自贡盐商还兼具盐企家;二是政策运作目的不同:扬州盐商希望保持现有政策,自贡盐商企图突破现有政策;三是盐商组织目的不同:扬州盐商旨在运作外部政策,自贡盐商旨在维护内部平衡。此外,扬州盐商与自贡盐商同为盐商还存在着四大相似性:一是无论兴盛还是衰败,都受国家盐政影响;二是通过捐纳进入统治阶层,走"富而优则仕"之路;三是以末致富用本守之,为共同的经营理念;四是两者都具有崇儒情结,步"学而优则仕"之路。

Yangzhou and Zigong salt merchants,two rivals in salt production business field in the Qing Dynasty,are different in the followingthree aspects:firstly,they have got different social identities.Yangzhou salt merchants are the genuine businessmen,while Zigongones are also enterprises in salt production.Secondly,they have different operation policies.Yangzhou salt merchants want to maintainthe existing policy,while Zigong merchants try to break through it.Thirdly,they have different organizing aims.Yangzhou merchantstry to operate external policy,but Zigong tries to maintain internal balance.In addition,two merchants have some similarities inthe following four points.First,either in up or down period,the two are affected by the national policies in salt production and merchandise.Second,they enter the ruling class through donation.Third,they have the same idea of being rich by doing business in salt andmaintaining their status by obtaining official status.Finally,they both have a sense of following Ru school(Confucius).