2000-2013 年衡阳市土地利用格局转变对生态系统服务的影响

Effect of land use transformation pattern in 2000–2013 on ecosystem services in Hengyang City, China

将生态系统服务评估利用到区域生态保护决策中的重要途径之一是生态系统服务制图。本研究对衡阳市多期遥感影像进行解译,采用当量因子法估算其生态系统服务价值(ESV)及由土地利用格局转变而引起的价值损益;并在Arc GIS 10.0软件支持下,利用空间自相关、高低聚类及重心分析等空间统计方法,对衡阳市ESV的时空变化进行制图模拟,以期为衡阳市的生态保护规划与管理提供决策辅助。研究结果表明:1)2000—2013年衡阳市的ESV略有降低,由2000年的2 410亿元降至2013年的2 394亿元;转移矩阵分析发现林地及耕地转为建设用地,以及林地转为耕地是引起衡阳市ESV降低的最主要原因。2)衡阳市的ESV高值区对低值区呈包围态势;2000—2013年ESV损失区主要分布于市区及其东部区域,而增值区主要分布于市区西部区域。3)衡阳市ESV的空间自相关与高低值聚集现象明显,其程度趋于增强;ESV重心向西偏北9°方向迁移了245.73 m。可考虑通过限制林地及耕地向建设用地的转变、实施"存量"或"减量"用地政策、维护和强化区域整体生态系统格局的连续性等措施来提高研究区的生态系统服务价值。

Using ecosystem services assessment in regional ecological protection is one of the most important ways in ecosystemservices mapping.In order to perfect the method of ecosystem services mapping,spatio-temporal variations in ecosystemservices value(ESV)in Hengyang Region was simulated based on interpretation of multi-period remote-sensing images ofHengyang City,estimation of ESV with the equivalent factor method and incurred profit-loss due to transformation of land use.Also the results of methods such as spatial autocorrelation,high-low clustering and barycenter analysis were analyzed in ArcGIS10.0environment.The results showed that:1)the proportion of ESV components were different in the study area and decreased with the sequence of biodiversity conservation,water conservation,soil formation and conservation,climate regulation,gas exchange,raw material,waste disposal,entertainment and food production.The ESV for Hengyang City decreasedslightly from241.0billion Yuan to239.4billion Yuan during2000–2013.The transformation of forests and cultivated landsinto construction lands and the transformation of forests into cultivated lands were identified as the main reasons for the decreasein ESV revealed by conversion matrix analysis.2)Areas with low ESV were nearly encircled by those with high ESV.While regions with losses in ESV were mainly distributed around the urban and county districts,value-added regions werelocated in the western zone of the study area.3)Spatial autocorrelation and value aggregation phenomena were obvious,whichtends strengthened.The barycenter of ESV moved245.73meters west-northwest9°.To improve ESV in the study area,measuresincluding limiting transformation of forests and cultivated lands into construction lands,conducting“stock”or“reduction”policy on land use,and preserving and intensifying continuity of whole ecosystem patterns were required.Comparedwith previous studies,the spatial distribution of ESV was visualized in this study as more precisely expressing the income andtransfer of ESV.This was critical for the promotion of more reasonable ecological protection planning and management worksin the study area and beyond.