智障儿童随班就读良好环境的营造初探

A Probe into the Construction of a Good Environment for Mentally Retarded Children's Learning in Regular Class

智障儿童由于大脑细胞受到损害和遗传的因素导致染色体畸变或基因突变造成大脑发育不全,形成认知活动障碍或全面的心理活动障碍。过多的失败经验和外界的嘲笑、歧视使他们的心理健康活动水平低下,情绪紧张、压抑,消极沮丧和喜笑失度;性格极其孤僻,对人多怀敌意;经常缺乏自信心和自制力,做事难以坚持到底等不良的心理因素严重影响了他们的学习和生活质量。因此,我们要针对他们身心发展特征,采取发展优势区域、小步子大循环、增加课堂趣味性、创设生态课把生存技巧融入课堂等多种教学技巧,为他们营造良好的学习氛围,让他们体验成功,增强自信,促进他们的心理健康发展和提高社会适应性。

Impaired brain cells and genetic factors lead to chromosomal aberration or genetic mutation,which causes mentally retarded children's brain dysplasia,as well as cognitive disability or comprehensive mental disability.Excessive experience of failure,external ridicule and discrimination lowers the level of their mental health activities,causing emotional tension,depression,frustration and uncontrollable laughing;it makes them extremely withdrawn and hostile to people;it also deprives of their self-confidence and self-control,making it difficult for them to persist in what they do,which seriously affects the quality of their learning and life.Therefore,in accordance with their physical and mental characteristics,we should create a good learning atmosphere by developing advantageous regions,paying attention to details,making classroom teaching more interesting and creating ecological lessons,so as to help them to experience success,enhance their self-confidence,promote their mental health development and improve their social adaptability.