论福斯特对环境问题的阶级分析

On J.B.Foster's Class Analysis on Environmental Problems

美国学者约翰·贝拉米·福斯特对环境问题的阶级分析是其生态马克思主义思想中极其重要的组成部分,也是其生态革命思想的理论基石。福斯特认为,环境问题与阶级问题在社会历史中相生相伴。特别是在资本主义制度下,自然与社会的新陈代谢断裂造成严重的阶级性环境不公。在环境运动和环境问题研究中摈弃阶级观点和阶级分析的做法是短视且错误的,忽视阶级问题而独立展开的环境运动不但无法保护环境,反而会使保护环境的社会力量分化甚至对抗。彻底的生态革命必然也是彻底的社会革命,其方向必然是社会主义,其动力来源于无产阶级特别是第三世界国家的劳动人民。福斯特对环境问题的阶级分析有助于打破超阶级的绿色幻想,对环境社会学和环境政治学极具启发意义。

The class analysis of J.B.Foster,an American scholar,on environmental problems is not only an important component of his eco?Marxism theory,but also the theoretical basis of his ecological revolution thoughts.Foster holds that there are complicated interactions between environmental problems and class problems.Hierarchical environmental injustice caused by the metabolism rift of both nature and society has been increasingly serious.It is short?sighted and incorrect to research environmental problems or carry on environmental movements without class analysis.Not could the environmental movements without consideration of class protect the environment,nor could they unite societal forces.Under the view of class analysis,a thorough ecological revolution must be a thorough social revolution oriented to socialism and given strength by proletariat,especially working people from the third world.Foster??s class analysis on environmental problems,contributing to the break of“green fantasy”which transcends classes,is enlightening to environmental sociology and environmental politics.