周恩来森林保护思想研究

On Forest Protection Ideology of Zhou Enlai

自然环境是人类赖以生存与发展的重要基础。只有保护好自然环境,人类才能够更好地生存与和谐地发展。保护森林是保护自然环境的重要内容,对人类社会的兴衰存亡具有重要意义。因此,保护森林为古今中外的有识之士所重视。新中国成立以后,身为国(政)务院总理的周恩来极其重视林业工作,其中,森林保护是其关注的重点。周恩来开展了大量与森林保护相关的工作,同时发表了大量关于森林保护的文章、讲话、谈话、批示、函电、署名文件等。他从多个方面阐释了保护森林的重要性:从历史上来看,古老文明的发展通常是以破坏生态环境,尤其是破坏森林为代价的,中华文明亦不例外;在预防自然灾害方面,保护森林是预防自然灾害的重要措施;就治理黄河而言,保护森林是治理黄河的重要保证。同时,周恩来从节流和开源两个方面,提出了诸多保护森林的具体措施。在节流方面,主要有四个方面的措施:预防与扑灭森林火灾;节约木材;搞好森林病虫害防治;制订采伐指标,严禁乱砍滥伐。在开源方面,主要有两个方面的措施,即植树造林和封山育林。周恩来的森林保护思想有两个鲜明的特色:依靠群众,保护群众的切身利益;将森林保护放在大格局中,进行通盘考虑。

Natural environment is the important foundation of human survival and development.Only when natural environment is protected well,can human survive better and develop harmoniously.Forest protection,an important content of natural environment protection,is significant to the rising and falling of human society.Therefore,forest protection has been attached importance to by people at all times and in all countries.After the founding of new China,Zhou Enlai,the Premier of the State Council,attached great importance to forestry work,especially forest protection.He has done a large amount of work about forest protection,including a large number of articles,speeches,talks,instructions,correspondences,and signature files about forest protection.He illustrated the importance of forest protection from multiple aspects.Historically,ancient civilization usually develops at the cost of the ecological environment destruction,especially at the expense of deforestation.Chinese civilization is no exception.In the prevention of natural disasters,forest protection is an important measure.In the Yellow River harnessing,forest protection is an important guarantee.Meanwhile,Zhou Enlai put forward many forest protection measures,such as preventing and extinguishing forest fires,saving wood,preventing and controlling forest diseases and insect pests,imposing logging quota,prohibiting deforestation,planting forests and closing hillsides forafforestation.Zhou Enlai’s forest protection ideology has distinctive features:first,relying on the masses and protecting the vital interests of the masses;secondly,placing forest protection in a bigger picture to give an overall consideration.