《阿凡达》生态美学思想探析

On Ecoaesthetics in Avatar

《阿凡达》一经推出便广受好评。卡梅隆在电影中赋予其丰富的人文价值和深刻的生态内涵,不断引发世人的反省与思考。电影中纳美人作为潘多拉星球的智慧生物,他们崇敬自然、顺应自然规律的生活方式,是对海德格尔提出的"诗意的栖居"的美学命题的完美诠释。纳美人对自然保持敬畏之心,将自己与其他生物视作自然界平等的生灵万物,遵循自然之神——伊娃的自然旨意和平衡,他们对自然的态度和与自然平等的相处模式,正是生态美学倡导的"复魅"图景的呈现。同时,导演卡梅隆赋予了这部影片很浓厚的女性色彩,通过影片告诉观众,自然作为人类的哺育者,理应得到人类的尊敬与爱护,只有自然母亲才是人类生活的乐土和精神寄托的家园。这一思想又与"生态女性主义"的生态美学基本理念有着高度的契合。因此,《阿凡达》是一部蕴涵丰富生态美学价值的艺术作品,其对人类重建生态意识、重建精神家园的关注,对人类生存条件的终极思考,值得我们反复研究与探索。本文试图结合电影《阿凡达》的情节,系统分析影片中所蕴涵的生态美学思想,对于今天我们处在地球生态系统失衡、生态危机丛生状况下,如何改变传统的主客二分的价值观,做到人与自然的和谐共处,找到一些值得参考和借鉴的方法。

The American film“Avatar”was widely acclaimed.In the film,Cameron,the director,endows it with rich humanistic value and profound ecological connotation,which triggers reflections and introspections.In the movie the Na??vi as intelligent creatures of the planet Pandora lives life respecting nature and conforming to the natural ecological wisdom,which is a perfect interpretation of Heidegger??s“poetic habitation”.The Na??vi,with reverence to nature,view themselves equal with other creatures and follow the god of nature,who puts forward the natural decree and balance.Their attitudes towards nature and the way of getting along with nature are interpretations of the“re?enchantment”advocated by ecological aesthetics.At the same time,Cameron has given the film a strong feminine color,which suggests that nature as the nurturer of human beings should be respected and loved by everyone.Only nature is the paradise of human life and spiritual homeland,which corresponds with the basic ideas of ecological aesthetics of“ecological feminism”.Therefore,the film“Avatar”is an artistic work with abundant ecological aesthetic value,which deserves researches and explorations in its concern of human survival conditions and considerations in restoring ecological consciousness and rebuilding spiritual home.Through analyzing the ecological aesthetic thoughts contained in the film“Avatar”,this paper attempts to find references and enlightenment to help us to change the traditional subject?object dichotomy and realize the harmonious coexistence of man and nature under the present condition of the ecosystem imbalance and ecological crisis.