农耕文化景观在农业观光园中的表达应用——以南京禄口航空农业园为例

Expression of Farming Culture Landscape in Agricultural Sightseeing Park Planning——A Case Study of Nanjing Lukou Aviation Agricultural Sightseeing Park

农耕文化景观是农民在进行农耕活动的过程中对自然进行利用与改造,受物质与人文因素共同影响而形成的独特的文化景观类型。它的内涵与核心可概括为"天、地、人"三位一体:"天"即自然规律,"地"指的是回归本源的土地景观,"人"则是人的活动与意识,三位一体形成自然规律、土地景观与人类活动意识的和谐共生体系。农耕文化景观的构成包含物质、精神、情感三大要素,本着自然、景观、人三者和谐共处的原则,农耕文化景观的表达应遵循象形、畅神、缘情三种表达策略。象形即"象物之形",营造农耕文化景观的物境,为物质元素表达;畅神即"万物融其神思",营造农耕文化景观的情境,为精神元素表达;缘情即"随物以宛转,与情而徘徊",营造农耕文化景观的意境,为情感元素表达。在此以南京禄口航空农业观光园总体规划为例,探讨农耕文化景观在农业观光园中的应用表达方法,依据"生态、自然、以农为本"的规划策略,充分挖掘和利用基地原有的物质、精神和情感资源,从规划层面、设计层面和策划层面分别针对现状运用象形、畅神、缘情的表达手法来体现农耕文化景观的价值,把握观赏主体"眼"象形,"脑"畅神,"心"缘情的感官体验,各功能分区主题与内容分明,凸显农业观光园的景观特色。

The farming culture landscape is a unique cultural landscape type formed by the common influence of the material and humane factors in the process of agricultural activities.Its core connotation can be summarized as the trinity of“heaven,earth and human”:“heaven”is natural laws,“earth”refers to nature landscapes,and“human”is activities and awareness of people.The trinity forms the harmonious and symbiotic system of natural laws,nature landscapes and human activities.Farming culture landscape includes material,spiritual and emotional elements.Based on harmonious coexistence principle of nature,landscape and human,expression of farming culture landscape should follow three strategies:first,to create farming culture landscape with material elements;second,to create the landscape with culture context and spiritual elements;third,to create the landscape with emotional elements.Taking Nanjing Lukou Aviation Agricultural Sightseeing Park as an example,this paper explores the farming culture landscape planning on the basis of“ecological,natural,agricultural”principles making full use of the material,spiritual and emotional resources of the site to embody the value of farming culture landscape from planning,design and strategy levels.With distinctive themes and content of the functional areas,the landscape features of the agricultural sightseeing park are highlighted.