论雇员致害行为所引起的侵权责任

On the Tort Liability Caused by Employee's Injurious Acts

市场经济引发雇佣关系的普遍化和常态化,雇员的活动特别是致害行为会因雇员的身份而变得复杂化。各国侵权行为法对雇员的侵权行为做了不同于一般侵权行为的规定,并逐渐形成了所谓的雇主替代责任。雇主替代责任并非只要一出现雇员的致害行为,雇主就得承担替代责任,为雇员的侵权行为"埋单",相反,这一致害行为会因不同条件和特殊情况而导致不同的责任分配后果。本文从雇主替代责任的概念和性质出发,探究了雇员致害行为所引起的侵权责任的属性,并对雇主责任进行了详细剖析。

The market economy initiates the generalization and normalization of the employmentrelationship.Employees'activities,especially their injurious acts,become complicated by their identity ofemployee.The employee's tort is regulated differently from the general infringement in the tort law of countriesand the so-called employer vicarious liability is formed gradually.However,It is not a matter of occurrence ofthe employer vicarious liability whenever an employee's injurious behavior is conducted.And consequently,theemployers don’t have to bear vicarious liability to“pay the bill”for the employee's infringement all the time.On the contrary,the injurious act will result in different liability assignments due to different conditions andspecial circumstances.Based on the concept and nature of the employer vicarious liability,this paper exploresthe attribute of tort liability caused by the employee's injurious conducts,and analyzes the employer’s liability indetail.