高速公路规模与区域经济发展的适应性——基于2001—2015年中国省级面板数据的实证分析

The Adaptability Study of the Expressway Scale and Regional Economic Development——based on the Empirical Analysis of the Provincial Panel Data in China from 2001 to 2015

由于投融资体制不同,我国高速公路与普通公路建设规律存在差异,高速公路相对于普通公路而言具有过度建设倾向,表明当前贷款修路、收费还贷政策中蕴含不合理成分。收集我国2001—2015年省级面板数据,基于公路基础设施空间外溢视角,采用空间杜宾模型对全国以及分区域的高速公路与区域经济发展的适应性进行研究发现,公路基础设施对区域经济增长具有显著促进作用,且空间溢出效应十分明显。相对于普通公路而言,高速公路规模已经过度,且不同区域高速公路与经济发展的适应性差异明显。其中,东部地区高速公路规模基本适度,可满足区域经济发展需要;中部地区高速公路规模无法满足区域经济发展需要,仍需吸引社会资本加大高速公路建设力度;西部地区高速公路规模严重超出当地经济发展可接受范围,应暂缓高速公路建设步伐,将重心转移到普通公路建设上来。

Expressway infrastructure remarkably promotes the regional economic growth;it cannot only promote localeconomic growth rate,but also has stronger spatial positive externality;and it cannot only improve the economic growth ofneighbor regions through improving regional road transportation network,but also,with the help of spatial agglomeration effect,pull the economic growth of neighbor regions through stimulating local economic growth.According to the current situation ofoverall China,the scale of road infrastructure is not big enough;with the shortage of fiscal capital,we should adhere to theprinciple of“promoting the construction of road infrastructure by loan,and repaying the loan by toll collection”to promote thedevelopment of road,especially the expressway.However comparing to normal road,the scale of express way is excessive;andthe adaptability between expressway and economic growth in different regions is significantly different.Specifically,theadaptability of that in Eastern regions is moderate;the adaptability of that in Central regions cannot meet the requirement ofregional economic growth,and we should attract more social capital in the build of expressway;and in the Western regions,thescale of expressway seriously surpasses the regional economic growth,and we should transit our focus to the building of normalroad.