新世纪印度外贸政策的调整与启示

The Adjustment of Foreign Trade Policy of India in the New Century and the Implication of That

21世纪印度外贸政策的重点从贸易自由化调整为促进出口。新的外贸政策具有重视传统农产品和劳动密集型产品出口、努力实现出口市场多元化、注重出口产品国内价值增值、通过适度的贸易保护和进口替代措施促进国内制造业发展的特点,在促进出口的同时,带动了印度国内需求增长,改善了国内生产条件,从而推动了资本积累,为长期经济增长奠定了基础。印度新贸易政策的实践表明,发展中国家的贸易政策应当重视出口对国内经济活动的积极影响,从而克服"剩余产品出口"的内在缺陷,实现长期经济增长。印度当前贸易发展也存在很多问题,其中最为突出的是逆差积累,这表明印度出口部门的国内配套生产能力还没有得到充分发展,也表明贸易政策需要与国内其他经济政策相互配合,才能产生促进长期经济增长的效果。

In the21st century,the priority of foreign trade policy in India was transformed from trade liberalization to exportpromotion.This policy attaches importance to the exports of traditional agricultural and labor-intensive products,strives todiversify export markets,pays attention to the domestic value addition of export products,and tries to promote the development ofthe domestic manufacturing industry through proper trade protection and import substitution measures.Benefited by features ofthe foreign trade policy,the acceleration of export growth in India leads to the increase of domestic demand and the improvementof domestic production conditions,therefore to promote the capital accumulation and economic growth in India.The practice ofIndia's trade policy in the21st century shows that the trade policy of developing countries should put a high value on the positiveinfluence of export on domestic economic activities,thus to overcome the inherent defects of"surplus product export"to ensurelong-term economic growth.The highlighted problem with the current trade development in India is the accumulative tradedeficit,which demonstrates the insufficient capability of supporting domestic production;it also shows that only with help of thematched trade policy and other domestic economic policies,will the long term economic growth be promoted.