乡土教材的编写与教学——关于《潮汕文化读本》

Compilation and Teaching of Local Textbooks——on Chaoshan Culture Reader

回顾和分析晚清及民国时期乡土教材编写和乡土文化教育的历史,当时从朝廷到民间一致认定,强化乡土教育乃提振国人爱国精神的最佳途径,所以时人积极编写乡土文化教材并将其引入学校和课堂,尤其是潮汕地区文人学者更是热心地编写了多种乡土文化教材,在其时的乡土教材编写和乡土文化教育中独占鳌头。这种做法在今天仍然具有积极意义,值得认真借鉴。以主编《潮汕文化读本》的经验,乡土文化教材的编写一定要做到重建"乡土记忆",进而达成因"爱乡"而"爱国"以及保护"文化多样性"的目标。而要达到这个目标,乡土文化教材编写就要注意三个方面:一是有独特性,乡土气息要浓;二是有趣味性,适合少年儿童学习;三是有可读性,必须是好诗文,有文章魅力。

The compilation of local textbooks and the education history of local culture in the late Qing Dynasty and during the Republic of China is reviewed and analyzed.It is found that at that time fortifying local education is considered as the best way to enhance Chinese patriotism;therefor,many scholars actively compiled local culture textbooks and used them in class in schools,especially the literati in Chaoshan area who played a leading role.This movement is still significant today and worth learning from.My experience of compiling Chaoshan Culture Reader shows that the compilation of local culture textbooks must reconstruct“local memories”so as to achieve the aims of“loving one’s country”as the result of“loving one’s hometown”and protecting“cultural diversity”.In order to achieve it,three aspects should be noted while local culture textbooks are compiled:they should be unique and locally;they should be interesting and suitable for children’s learning;they should be readable,contain good verses and charming essays.