丘逢甲南洋诗歌“南道院”考

A Study of the Nandao Courtyard in Qiu Fengjia's Poems on the Southeast Asia

1900年,丘逢甲偕同王恩翔南来新马地区。在霹雳州游览"南道院"之后,二人皆有诗歌传世,但"南道院"之名今已不存。在偶然的田野调查中,发现"南道院"就是如今的霹雳州怡保附近的"南天洞"。通过田野资料,对南道院及其后身南天洞的历史变迁做一整理。仅存该庙特刊资料显示,"南道院"建于1879年。该洞依道教传统奉道教为主座,一直坚持着客家主持和收弟子的传统,先后有四任主持,直到1973年没有主持接衣钵,才成立保管委员会管理。丘逢甲和王恩翔的有关诗歌,为了解近代中国人在马来半岛的生活状况及认识当时霹雳州的道教传播提供了参考。

Qiu Fengjia and Wang Enxiang travelled to Singapore and Malaysia in the Southeast Asia in1900.After their tour to the Nandao Courtyard,they both wrote some poems which have been handed down.However,the name of the Nandao Courtyard exists no longer today.In an accidental field work,it was found that the Nandao Courtyard is today’s Nantian Cave near Ipoh in Perak.With field data,we sorted out the historical change of the Nandao Courtyard and its subsequent replacement the Nantian Cave.Data from the features that exit only in the temple reveal that the Nandao Courtyard was built in1879.Following the tradition of Taoism,the cave holds Taoism as the main seat and sticks to the tradition of having a Hakka abbot and of taking in disciples.There were consecutive four abbots until1973when no abbots were found to continue their course and the maintenance committee was set up to administer the temple.Qiu Fengjia and Wang Enxiang’s relevant poems provide valuable reference for understanding the lives of modern Chinese in Malaysian peninsula and the dissemination of Taoism in Perak at that time.