明清韩江中上游蛋民探析——以兴宁旧志为中心

An Analysis of the Tanka in Middle and Upper Reaches of the Hanjiang River in the Ming and Qing Dynasties——Focusing on the Old Chronicles of Xingning

至少自宋代开始,客家地区蛋民就引起官府关注,明代兴宁蛋民被官府纳入河伯所管理,并仿陆地里甲制设蛋长进行管理。作为编户齐民的蛋民要承担官府规定的赋役,但由于蛋长、客商等欺压,蛋民不断流徙而造成蛋船减少,地方官又不得不采取措施加以保护。流徙蛋民一部分可能上岸,位于河岸旁的蛋家宫即是例证。

At least since the Song Dynasty,the Tanka in Hakka area had attracted the attention of the government.The government incorporated the Xingning Tanka into the Hebo institute and set up Tanka leader that imitated the Li-Jia system to administrate them in the Ming Dynasty.As the household register,the Tanka must bear the taxes and corvee stipulated by the government.Because of bully and oppression from Tanka leaders,travelling merchants and so on,the Tanka drifted about constantly,which led to the decrease their boats.Local officials had to take measures to protect them.Part of the drifting Tanka might go ashore,and the Tanka palace located by the river was an example.