部分常见中药材及其易混品种的研究

Study on some common Chinese medicinal herbs and their easily mixed varieties

目的:对几种常见中药材及其混淆品进行鉴别,以保证临床用药安全有效。方法:根据《中国药典》(2015版)及相关的中药药品标准,结合平时工作遇到的中药混淆品种,实地考察各大药材市场,查阅相关文献,从来源、性状、化学成分、功效治疗方面进行区分鉴别。结果:几种常见混用中药分别来源于不同科属,导致所含的化学成分亦不相同;其在性状鉴别上有相似,易于混淆,但有本质的区别;分属于不同的归经,功能主治也大相径庭。这几种中药材在多方面有较大差异,故而不能混用。结论:中药材来源广泛,有些中药材性状相似,功效也相似,而一些中药材形状相似功效却相差甚远,功效不同的药材混用,轻者影响疗效,重者会产生严重的不良后果,而功效相似的药材混用,会影响医师治疗用药的精确性,所以应按规定使用法典要求的品种,防止由于使用混淆品种导致的危害,影响临床治疗的效果。

Objective:Identification of several common Chinese medicinal herbs and their easily mixed varieties was made so as to ensure the safety and effectiveness of clinical medication.Methods:According to China Pharmacopoeia(2015Edition)and the related standard of Chinese medicine,combined with traditional Chinese medicine usually encountered the confusion of varieties and the on-the-spot investigation of the medicine market,identification and differentiation of herbs were made by accessing to the relevant literature from the perspective of source,characteristics,chemical composition,treatment efficacy of herbs.Results:Several common traditional Chinese medicine herbs and their easily mixed varieties derived from different genera,resulting in different chemical contents;their character identification was similar,which made them be easily confused,but there were essential differences;they belonged to different tropism functions,their function was also different.These herbs had great differences in many aspects,so they should not be mixed.Conclusion:Chinese medicinal herbs were of rich sources,some of the medicinal properties and efficacy were similar,some Chinese herbal medicines had similar shape but totally different efficacy,the use of mixed medicine would influence the effect,or cause serious adverse consequences,and the accuracy of medical treatment would be affected if the similar medicinal materials were mixed,it should be used according to the regulations on the code requirements to prevent the use of harmful species,which would affect the clinical treatment effect.