酶催化合成脂肪族聚酯的研究进展

Review on enzymatic synthesis of aliphatic polyester

酶催化合成生物可降解脂肪族聚酯是一种新型聚合方法,可以在温和条件下高效合成,有着传统方法难以比拟的优势,但该方法所合成的产物仍存在生物相容性低、力学性能差、分子量低等不足。本文综述了近十年来酶催化合成脂肪族聚酯的研究进展,分别介绍了开环聚合法、共聚法和缩合聚合法的聚合机理,并且简述了通过酶的固定化、功能化改性、调节支链等方法来提高酶的催化效率和活性、降低反应能耗和材料中残留有毒物质、提高原料转化率和产物分子量、增强产物亲水性及开发材料新用途的相关研究报道。并且总结了酶催化聚合法在不同介质中的优势和不足,并指出酶催化合成脂肪族聚酯在超临界二氧化碳、水、离子液体等环保介质中进行将成为绿色化学发展的趋势。

Enzymatic synthesis of biodegradable polyester is a new polymerization method,which has highefficient under the mild conditions,and it has many advantages over the traditional method.However,themethod still has many defects,such as poor biocompatibility,poor mechanical properties and lowmolecular weight.In this article,an overview of progress on enzymatic synthesis of aliphatic polyesters inthe past10years is provided.The mechanism of ring opening polymerization,copolymerization andcondensation polymerization is introduced respectively.The research progresses are introduced,which areaimed to improve the efficiency and activated of enzyme,reduce the temperature of reaction and the toxicof biomedical materials,increase conversion rate of materials and molecular weight of products,enhancehydrophilicity of products and develop the new application for the materials,by using the methods of theimmobilization of enzymes,functionalization and regulation of branched-chain.In addition,the advantagesand disadvantages of enzymatic polymerization in different mediums are summarized.Finally it issuggested that enzymatic synthesis of aliphatic polyester in the mediums of supercritical CO2,water andionic liquid will become the trend of development for green chemistry.