李沆治国理念与宋初“循资格”政治范型

Li Hang's Idea of National Governance and the Political Paradigm of “according to Qualification” in Early Song Dynasty

《宋史》对李沆的评价是"李沆为相,正大光明"。宋代的士大夫政治,拓展了政治体制所赖以依托的基础,提升了知识精英对皇权的认同程度。人才选拔的终极标准来自礼制秩序建构的人性依据,而选拔的首要条件是道德的善。李沆将人才选拔的原则归纳为"循资格",他在人才选拔与国家治理的关系上,在边疆事务的处理上均表现出踏地务实的政治理念和重厚质实的工作作风。"祖宗之法"被奉之为治国理事之圭臬,即始于真宗时期。李沆奠定了恪守祖宗法度的原则,既达到了抑制帝王偏离政治治理常规的目的,也体现着"用人"与"任法"互补与折衷的原则。李沆"循资格"政治范型体现了"祖宗之法"对于"人治"的限制与规范,既是"人治"的延伸,又蕴含理性色彩。

The evaluation of the history of Song Dynasty for Li Hang is“as the prime minister,Li Hang is frank and righteous”.The scholar bureaucrat politics in Song Dynasty expanded the foundation that the political system relied on,and promoted the recognition degree of the intellectual elite to the imperial power.The ultimate criterion of talent selection came from the humanistic basis constructed by ritual order,and the primary condition was the good of morality.Li Hang summed up the principle of selecting talents as“according to qualification”,on the relationship between talent selection and national governance,the handling of frontier affairs,he showed the pragmatic political ideas and honest work style.“The law of ancestors”was regarded as the standard of rule,which began in the reign of Zhenzong.Li Hang laid the principles of observing laws handed down from forefathers,not only achieved the purpose of restraining the monarch from deviating from the routine of political governance,but also embodied the principle of complementarity and compromise between“using officials”and“serving the law”.Li Hang’s“according to qualification”political paradigm reflected the restriction and standardization of“the law of ancestors”by“rule of man”.It is not only an extension of the rule of man,but also has a rational color.