《说命》“生二牡豕”与《洹宝》238号甲骨合读

“Give Birth to Two Male Pig” of Yueming Could Be Read Together with No.238 Inscriptions in Huanbao

清华简《说命》言辞古奥难解,取材年代较早。其"生二牡豕"之语,可以与《洹宝斋所藏甲骨》第238号甲骨文合读,两者都带有一些文学特质。其"我其杀之?我其已,勿杀"句,虽然带有一些对贞卜辞的特点,但是与"勿已"类卜辞仍存在一定的区别。这种情况,可能是由于后人不熟悉商代语言而进行改写所造成的。另外,《说命》简文"失仲是生子"之"是",我们改读为"适",解释为正好、恰巧之义。

The language of Yueming in Bamboo Slips of Tsinghua is archaic and abstruse,and its age of material is quite early“.Give birth to two male pig”could be read together with No.238inscriptions in Huanbao,and they both had literature features.Although in the sentence,“Should I kill them,or I should give up killing them”,had the oracle inscriptions characteristics,it still had differences with“Wuyi”inscriptions.The reason might be that people in later age was not familiar with language of Shang Dynasty and then rewrote this material of early age.In addition,shi(being)in“Shizhong shi sheng zi”of Yueming could be read as shi(happen),and explained as“happen to,just”.