荷兰兰斯塔德城市群环境合作治理的经验

Experience of Environmental Cooperative Governance of Urban Agglomeration in Randstad Holland

兰斯塔德城市群位于荷兰西部的莱茵河三角洲,是荷兰最为发达的地区,这是一个围绕中部"绿心"发展起来的环状城市群。自1950年代以来,荷兰政府采取了一系列措施促进兰斯塔德城市群的联合发展和环境治理,取得了良好的效果。一是建立西部国土规划委员会、兰斯塔德地区局、"绿心平台"、兰斯塔德南翼顾问委员会等区域性协调机构推动城市群环境治理。二是通过制定国家空间规划对城市群"绿心"严格保护,荷兰政府先后编制了5个空间规划,对兰斯塔德地区的"绿心"进行保护。三是通过国土规划合理划分功能区,通盘考虑产业空间布局,以形成城市间错位发展、功能互补的产业分工网络,从而促进城市群环境治理。

Urban agglomeration in Randstad is located at RhineRiver Delta in the west of Holland.It is the most developed area inHolland and a ring-shaped urban agglomeration developed with thecentral“green core”.Since the1950’s,the government of Hollandhas taken a series of actions to promote the joint development andenvironmental governance of urban agglomeration in Randstad,whichhave gained good effect.First,they established regional coordinatinginstitutions such as Western Land Planning Committee,RandstadRegional Bureau,“Green Core Platform”and Randstad SouthWing Consultative Committee and so on to impel the environmentalgovernance of the urban agglomeration.Second,they made nationalspace planning to strictly protect the“green core”of the urbanagglomeration.The government of Holland successively worked outfive spatial planning to protect the“green core”in Randstad.Third,they divided functional areas rationally under the national land planningand overall considered the industrial space layout to form dislocationdevelopment among the cities and industrial division network thattheir functions are complementary to each other,thus promoting theenvironmental governance of the urban agglomeration.