社会角色视角下社工介入城市居家养老服务研究——基于南京市社工的调查

An Exploration of Social Workers Intervening in Home Care Service for the Urban Elderly from the Perspective of Social Roles: Based on the Survey of Social Workers in Nanjing

通过对南京市居家养老服务机构社工的访谈调查,以社会角色视角的框架将社工介入居家养老服务分为两类:直接的居家养老服务与间接的居家养老服务。社工自身的内部角色冲突体现为专业的社工角色与综合的员工角色的冲突。角色冲突导致社工介入服务时陷入困境:机构与社工利益目标的存在差异、机构对社工专业认识不足、机构中科层制度对嵌入的社工专业发挥形成限制、服务对象的多元化对社工服务提出了挑战、服务对象对社工和居家养老服务的理解认知不够、服务对象不能清晰地了解自身的需求、机构中缺乏有效督导。化解社工在居家养老服务中困境的具体策略包括服务项目重定位、对机构加以社工进驻前的考察、以编制提升社工的综合地位、一机构一属地项目对接、政府主导加大宣传、三社联动进行广泛前测、机构与政府对社工进行双重督导等。

Through interview survey of social workers of home care service agencies in Nanjing City,this paper,from the perspective of social worker’s intervention in home care service,divides the service into two parts:direct and indirect home care services.The social workers’internal role conflicts is reflected in the conflict of professional social workers’roles and comprehensive staff roles,which led to the trouble for social workers when they intervene in the service:difference in the interest objectives between the agencies and social workers;insufficient knowledge of social work profession among agencies;hierarchy in the agencies forming a barrier to the free play of social workers embedded in them;the challenge to social work service as a result of the diversification of service targets;insufficient knowledge and understanding of social workers and home care service among service targets;lack of a clear knowledge of their own needs among service targets;lack of effective supervision in agencies.To resolve the predicaments in social worker’s home care service for the elderly,more specific solutions include repositioning of service programs,inspection of agencies before the introduction of social workers;improve social worker’s comprehensive status through offering staff quota;match the agency with a program in a specific region,enhancing publicity by the government;extensive pre-tests jointly organized by three related departments and dual supervision from the agencies and government.