北京宋庄地裂缝分布特征及成因分析

Distribution characteristics and cause analysis of Songzhuang ground fissures in Beijing

宋庄地裂缝是北京地区新发现的一条地裂缝,近年来宋庄地裂缝快速发育,已经造成了沿线多个村庄的房屋及路面破损,造成重大财产损失。因此,需要调查了解地裂缝展布特征和分布情况,分析形成原因,进而才能提出减缓地裂缝灾害的合理措施,保证地裂缝沿线村民的生命财产安全。本文采用地下水分层监测、水准测量技术结合地球物理探测、钻探技术,对宋庄地裂缝展开详细调查,并结合调查结果分析其形成原因。结果表明,宋庄地裂缝展布北东方向,长度约8.7km。宋庄地裂缝发育受区域地质构造、第四系沉积层厚度控制,长期过量开采地下水是引起地裂缝灾害形成的主要因素。

The Songzhuang ground fissures were recently found in the Beijing area.Ground fissures,which have rapidlydeveloped in recent years,pose a great destructive risk to many houses and roads along the fissures.To reduce therisk caused by these fissures,an investigation into the distribution characteristics of ground fissures and an analysis ofthe factors causing ground fissures and their mechanisms must be conducted.An integrated investigation program wasdesigned,including the multilayer monitoring of groundwater,leveling,geophysical exploration,and boreholes,with theaim to delineate the distribution of disasters and to identify the main causes of ground fissures.The results indicate thatthe ground fissures were extended in the NE direction,with a length of8.7km.Ground fissures were caused by differentialsubsidence,and the development of the ground fissures were mainly controlled by the thickness of the regional geologicalstructure and the distribution of Quaternary deposits.The super-pumping of groundwater is the main factor that gives rise todisasters caused by ground fissures.