不同生境条件茶园大型土壤动物群落结构与季节动态

The Large Soil Animal Community and Seasonal Dynamics in Tea Plantations with Various Surrounding Habitats

对凤凰山和坪溪镇茶区不同生境条件的茶园大型土壤动物进行调查,分析生态茶园与非生态茶园大型土壤动物群落与营养类群组成及其动态差异,探讨了影响两种茶园大型土壤动物群落结构及动态变化的主要因素.结果表明:生态茶园捕获大型土壤动物22目69科1 835只,占土壤动物总捕获量的60.34%;非生态茶园捕获大型土壤动物19目53科1 206只,占土壤动物总捕获量的39.66%.生态茶园各类群的个体数均高于非生态茶园.夏季、秋季和冬季生态茶园土壤动物的优势类群比例低于非生态茶园,常见类群高于非生态茶园.茶园土壤动物的数量、种类、Shannon指数和Simpson指数均表现为秋季高,春季次之,冬季低.生态茶园捕食性动物是主要功能类群,占总捕获量的38.53%;非生态茶园腐食性动物为主要功能类群,占总捕获量的41.29%.生态茶园夏季和秋季的各功能类群的数量、种类、Shannon指数和丰富度指数均高于非生态茶园,春季和冬季捕食性动物的数量和种类及多样性指数高于非生态茶园,植食性和杂食性动物均低于非生态茶园.RDA排序结果表明,生态茶园与非生态茶园土壤动物之间存在明显的分布梯度,土壤动物的分布受土壤环境因子(全N、全K、土壤有机质、土壤含水量、土壤温度和茶园植被量)的影响.因此,茶园周边环境条件是影响茶园土壤动物群落结构的重要因素,气候因子是影响土壤动物季节动态分布的主要因素.

Plantations in Fenghuang mountain and Pingxi town were surveyed by using the ecological method,the composition and the dynamic differences of two types of soil animal community and nutrient group were analyzed.Moreover,we discussed the factors affecting the community structure and dynamic changes of soil animals in the two kinds of tea plantations.The results indicated that a total of1835soil macrofauna individuals was captured and classified into9classes,22orders and69families in the ecological tea plantation,accounting for60.34%of the total catch of soil macrofauna.A total of1026soil macrofauna individuals was captured and classified into9classes,19orders and53families in the non-ecological tea plantation,accounting for39.66%of the total catch of soil macrofauna.Individual number of every species in ecological tea plantation was higher than the ecological tea plantation.The dominant groups of the ecological tea plantation soil animal in summer,autumn and winter were lower than the non-ecological tea garden,and the common groups were higher than those of the non-ecological tea plantation.The number,variety,Shannon index and Simpson index of soil animal were higher in autumn and spring,low in winter.According to the analysis of soil animal in functional group diversity and composition,the predatory animals of ecological tea plantation were the main functional groups,which accounted for38.53%of the total amount.The saprophagous soil fauna of the non-ecological tea plantation was the main functional groups,accounting for41.29%of the total amount.In summer and autumn,the number,variety,Shannon index and richness index of each functional group in the ecological tea plantation were higher than the non-ecological tea plantation.The number,species and diversity index of predatory animals in spring and winter were higher than the non-ecological tea plantation,and herbivorous and omnivorous animals were lower than the non-ecological tea plantation.RDA sorting results showed that obvious distributing gradient existed between ecological and non-ecological tea gardens,which indicated the distribution of soil animals was affected by environmental factors,such as TN,TK,organic matter,moisture,temperature and vegetation of soil.To sum up,the surrounding environment of tea plantation is an important factor affecting the community structure of soil animals,and the major factor that affects the seasonal dynamic distribution of soil animals.