川西北嘉绒藏人与象雄琼氏渊源关系探讨

A Study on Original Relations between rGyalrong Tibetans in Northwest Sichuan and Zhangzhung Khyung Tribe

嘉绒是分布于川西北地区一个独具特点的藏族人群支系,其文化习俗中积淀和保留诸多象雄文化痕迹,并普遍存在土司祖先来自西藏"琼部"的历史记忆。但因藏文文献记载的匮乏和模糊,嘉绒与象雄之间究竟存在怎样的联系,始终是一个悬而未决的疑案。文章通过对汉文史籍所记汉代川西北"邛笼"内涵的挖掘及其与"駹"这一特异部落的对应关系,并结合藏文文献有关象雄琼氏由琼布迁往嘉绒地方的记载,对嘉绒与象雄琼氏之间的渊源关系进行了探讨。文章认为,嘉绒祖先由西藏琼布迁入一事并非虚妄,而是历史事实。从汉文史籍的记载看,象雄琼氏部落迁入川西北的时间至少可上溯至东汉或西汉中叶。

The rGyalrongs are a Tibetan subgroup who inhabit in northwest Sichuan with unique characteristic.Many traces of Zhangzhung culture are preserved in rGyalrong culture with historic memory that their chieftains' ancestors were from Khyung tribe in Tibet.However,due to scarcity of Tibetan records,relations between rGyalrong and Zhangzhung have been unclear.This paper discuses original relations between rGyalrong and Zhangzhung Khyung tribe through examination of Chinese records of Qionglong in northwest Sichuan in the Han Dynasty and its relations with Mang tribe and Tibetan records about Zhangzhung Khyung tribe's migration from Khyungpo to rGyalrong.The paper argues that rGyalrong's ancestors' migration from Khyungpo in Tibet is not fabricated but real.According to Chinese records,Zhangzhung Khyung tribe's immigration into northwest Sichuan could trace back to Eastern Han Dynasty or Mid-Western Han Dynasty at least.