改造国民性:严复与中国新式教科书编译审定

Reforming National Character:Yan Fu and The Compilation Approval of New Textbook In China

甲午以降,严复明确认识到中国落后的根本原因是"人"的问题,中国国民劣性与国民智识水平密切相关。他强调教育国民为自存之命脉,呼吁开民智、鼓民力、新民德。他从海军先驱到京师大学堂译书局总办再到学部编订名词馆总纂,强调各类图书以教科为当务之急,积极致力于新式教科书的编译与审定。严复宣扬的竞存学说,不仅成为新式教科书的重要内容,而且成为新式教科书发展的精神实质,引领清末民初的国民性改造方向,激励着特定时期的救亡图存。

Since the ending of Sino-Japanese War,Yan Fu first cleared that the key of China's problem was in people,revealing the weakness of Chinese nationals,and started the era of transforming national character movement.He hoped toenhance the national quality by“Opening the People’s Wisdom,inspiring the People’s resources,bringing forth the People’smorality”.From Navy Herald to Imperial University translation press General Office,Yan Fu chose was committed tocompilation and approval of the new textbook actively.He used evolutionism theories as the thoughts of Chinese nationalreform.In this way,the"Survival of the fittest’system from its spirit to the content has been through China's new textbooks,which inspired national salvation in China.