晚清的旗人书院

Eight-banner Academies in Late Qing Dynasty

晚清的旗人书院与清前中期相比有诸多差异,主要表现在书院的数量增长快,教学内容更重视汉文化,并出现西学;书院的建设者不仅有满族官员,还有汉人官员。出现这些变化的原因主要有:晚清恢复了驻防文试,清语骑射加剧衰落,汉人官员地位上升等。研究晚清的旗人书院可以管窥旗人文化的流变和晚清社会的变迁。

The differences between the eight-banner academies in late Qing and those in early or middle Qing are in that the number of academies increased,paying more attention on Han culture,the emergence of Western learning and both the Manchu and Han officials were the founders of the academies.Why the differ-ences appeared were that the recovery of the test policies for Eight-banner children in garrisons,the sharply declination of Manchu language,ride and archery,and the rising of Chinese officials status.Studying the acad-emies in late Qing can offer us a view of the changes of eight banners and the society in late Qing.