清初官员的品级与升转

The Change of the Grade,Promotion and Transfer of Bureaucracy in Early Qing Dynasty

清朝兼用满洲与汉族官员,这样的制度被称为"满汉并用"。至今为止,学界对任用满汉官员的比例以及两者的实力对比的研究已有一定成果,但满汉官员究竟如何晋升,"满汉并用"这一原则究竟如何实现的研究尚不充分,该原则在顺治、康熙二朝如何制度化尚未明确。因此,通过探讨满汉官员的品级在顺治帝驾崩后到康熙帝亲政前这一时期如何变化,以及通过研究康熙帝对官员的人事制度持何种态度,以观察制度变化的状况。

In Qing Dynasty,Manchu and Chinese officers are employed simultaneously.Although there are certain pieces of academic productions on the proportion of Manchu and Chinese officers as well as the bal-ance of their actual strength,it is still not completely clear that how Manchu and Chinese officer are promoted to a higher office,especially how the system works in their promotions in Shunzhi and Kangxi Reign.There-fore,this article conducts an investigation on the changes of ranks of the two groups of officers,and what kind of attitude that Emperor Kangxi held towards personnel system to acquire the condition that how the system had changed during that period of time.