近20年明清小说词汇研究综述

A Review of Lexical Study on the Ming-Qing Novels in the Past 20 Years

明清白话小说具有口语性强、词汇量丰富等比较明显的语言学特点,是研究近代汉语词汇的重要语料,一直以来受到学界的广泛关注,相关研究成果也颇为丰硕。从研究范围和研究内容看,多数成果是以部分词汇为研究对象,研究的切入点各有侧重,或以音节为形式标准,此类研究集中于复音词;或侧重结构,此类研究集中于复合词/合成词和词缀;或侧重词义,此类研究集中于专类词,如称谓语、委婉语、詈骂语、颜色词、方位词以及商业词汇、经济词汇、服饰词汇、法律词语、饮食词语等;或侧重来源,此类研究明显集中于方言词。研究方法上,既有传统的考释考证、数量统计、共时比较和历时溯源法,也有现代语言学理论的应用。同时,将词汇研究与相关学科如社会学、民俗学、历史文化学等结合起来立体地研究词汇系统,也是该时期词汇研究的一大特点。

With its high degree of colloquialism and rich vocabularies,the vernacular novels of Ming-Qing dynasties are the important corpus to study modern Chinese vocabularies and have won increasing and extensive attention from the academic circles with a great number of researches.From the perspective of re-search scope and the content,most of the researches take part of the vocabularies as research objects with dif-ferent focuses and perspectives.Some take syllables as the standard for the form and such researches focus on disyllabic words;some focus on structures and this kind of researches focus on compound words and affixes;some focus on meaning and this kind of researches focus on some special words,such as address terms,euphe-mism,swear words,color words,nouns of locality,business vocabularies,economy and clothing vocabular-ies,legal words,diet words,etc.;some focus on the sources and obviously such researches focus on dialect words.From the perspective of research methods,not only the traditional textual criticism,quantity statistics,synchronic comparison and diachronic tracing method,but also the modern linguistic theories are used.Mean-while,there is also an important feature about doing the researches stereoscopically during this period which is the combination among the researches of vocabularies and related disciplines,such as sociology,folklore,his-tory and culture,etc.