论常态值形容词及其否定

The Study on Normality Adjectives and Its Negative Forms

性质形容词表述的是对事物某些概念域状态进行的判断,从信息角度来说,说话人无须也不可能对所有事物的各个方面进行判断。即使是某新的人、事物、环境等,说话人在对其进行表述时,也必然以语言团体成员对同类的人、事物、环境等常态的共同认识为背景。这种常态的共同认识一般情况下不具有信息价值,但是,在可能存在非常态的状态时,常态则具有信息价值,现代汉语中"合适""一般"等就是表述这常态值的形容词。表述常态值的形容词在形容词中所占比例很小,但是,却是从信息角度研究形容词的关键之一。

Qualitative adjectives are judgments on some concept conditions of the things.As for the infor-mation,the speaker doesn't have to judge every aspect of the things even new person,new things,new envi-ronment etc.When the speaker describes things,he must treat the normality consensus of people,things,and environment from the same type as the background like his companions do in the same language union.Gener-ally the normality consensus doesn't have any information.But when the consensus under the non-normality condition,it may conclude some information.In Chinese,“合适”“一般”and so on are of this kind of adjec-tives.This kind of adjective takes a very small part,but they are the key to study the adjectives from the infor-mation aspect.