野生郁金香种子无菌萌发及小鳞茎形成

Aseptic germination and bulblet formation of wild tulip (Tulipa sinkiangensi)

以野生新疆郁金香(Tulipa sinkiangensi)种子为材料,比较了不同消毒方式、是否剥皮、赤霉素预处理质量浓度、基本培养基、培养温度对种子无菌萌发及鳞茎形成的影响。无菌播种试验结果表明:75%乙醇处理30 s结合2%次氯酸钠消毒10 min是种子的最佳消毒方式,污染率为0%;未剥去种皮的种子在4℃下发芽率较高,而剥去种皮后在25℃下发芽率较高。4℃有利于打破种子休眠,而25℃更适宜种子萌发和生长,结合采用600 mg/L赤霉素预处理24 h,1/2MS为基本培养基,是新疆郁金香种子无菌萌发的最佳条件,在此条件下发芽率达96.7%,且芽生长势强。试验还发现:剥皮处理不会显著提高萌发率,但可显著缩短种子萌发时间,使芽生长更健壮,且约有80%以上能形成离体小鳞茎,成球率显著高于土壤播种试验;不剥皮会导致萌发的芽细长柔弱,逐渐死亡或生长畸形,且不能形成离体小鳞茎。本试验建立的新疆郁金香无菌播种和鳞茎形成体系,为野生郁金香的离体资源保存和实现我国野生郁金香资源的保护及利用提供了理论依据。

Wild tulips in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region are unique and elite germplasm resources,which are widely distributed in China.It is of great necessity to protect,develop,and fully utilize those valuable materials for species diversity and breeding regimes mainly due to the destruction of primitive habitat.These wild species are often characterized numerous outstanding horticultural traits(e.g.,resistance and ornamental values)with great potential in breeding.Due to changeable climatic conditions,as well as the influence of diseases,it still has many problems in overcoming the degeneration of bulbs throughout the hot summer in some regions like Zhejiang Province.Tissue culture is an effective alternative method to preserve germplasm resources compared with the conventional ways.However,the survival rate of plantlets after transplanting is much higher than the bulblets formed in vitro.Therefore,tulip bulblets in vitro obtained through the sterile sowing technology are easier to achieve the successful conservation and propagation of wild tulip under non-primitive habitat.It is of great importance for the preservation and utilization of wild tulips with excellent traits in China.