摘要
宋元南戏是一种不具有成熟曲律体系的民间艺术。明代以降,大批文人投入南戏创作而使其逐渐雅化,南曲格律也由文人进行了规范。最初的民间曲律是一种"自由律"和"文人定格曲律"的混杂产物,在沈璟等曲家参与改进后,南曲格律受到了北曲格律的影响得以迅速规范化,很快形成"乐本位"的曲律,并以曲谱为其规范形式。此后,南曲唱腔发生了由"以腔传辞"到"以字行腔"的巨大变革,南曲格律又脱离了音乐束缚而形成了以诗律为重要参考的"文本位"格律。曲律的发展呈现出在"以文为本"和"以乐为本"两个方向上的异化。这两种互相矛盾的曲律观,各自在曲界产生了巨大而长远的影响。
The Nanxi during the Song and Yuan dynasties is a kind of folk arts without mature metrical system.In the Ming Dynasty,many scholars participated in creation of Nanxi and made it gradually elegant.Meanwhile the metrical of southern music was also specified by the literati.At the very beginning,the folk metrical is a kind of mixture of“free metrical”and“scholar ruled metrical”.After it is improved by Shen Jing and other litterateurs,the metrical of southern music was normalized quickly under the influence from northern music.The metrical based on music was soon formed and took music score as its canonical form.Thereafter,the way to sing southern music experienced the huge change from“fix music with different text”to“different music according to the text”.The metrical of southern music broke though the constraint of music and formed a regulation based on text which learned from regulated verses to a great extent.All in all,the development of southern music metrical presents in two opposite ways such as“text as basis”and“amusement as basis”.The idea of this contradictory music metrical has generated great and long-range influence in the world of the southern music metrical.
作者
刘芳
LIU Fang(International College for Chinese Studies, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China 210097)
出处
《温州大学学报(社会科学版)》
2017年第4期57-64,共8页
Journal of Wenzhou University:Social Science Edition
基金
2014年江苏省社会科学基金项目(14YSC001)
关键词
南戏
传奇
曲律
文本位
乐本位
Nanxi (Southern Drama 南戏)
Legend
Music Metrical
Text-centered
Music-centered