超声在肝纤维化诊断中的应用

Application of Ultrasound in Diagnosis of Liver Fibrosis

肝穿刺活检是目前确诊肝纤维化的金标准,但其作为一种侵入性检查存在一定的局限性。在寻找确诊该疾病非侵入性检查方法的探索中,超声诊断以简单快捷、无创无损、无辐射、实时性和成本低等优势在临床备受青睐,近年得到很大发展。文章就超声在肝纤维诊断所采用的弹性成像技术中的瞬时弹性成像技术、实时组织弹性成像技术、声辐射力脉冲成像技术和实时剪切波弹性成像技术的应用及优缺点做一综述,同时对超声在肝纤维诊断中的相关技术如组织结构声学定量技术和声学参数技术做一介绍。

As an invasive method for diagnosing hepatic fibrosis,liver biopsy has several drawbacks.However,the ultrasound characterization method has been greatlydeveloped in recent years because it offers many advantages:lack of radiation,lower price,and easy transportability,compared with liver biopsy.The mostcommonly used ultrasound methods for assessing liver fibrosis are ultrasound elastography techniques,such as transient elastography,real-time tissueelastography,acoustic radiation force impulse and real-time shear wave elastography.In this paper,it introduces the application,advantages and drawbacks ofthe above methods in liver fibrosis assessment.In addition,other ultrasound methods(e.g.,acoustic structure quantification(ASQ)technique and ultrasonicparameters)are also presented.