电纺制备活性碳纳米纤维及其应用研究进展

A review on preparation and application of activated carbon nanofibers via electrospinning

活性碳纳米纤维由于比表面积大、导电、导热性好、孔隙率高等优点,得到人们广泛关注。如何进一步提高其比表面积、孔隙率,特别是微孔和介孔的含量,是活性碳纳米纤维面临的主要问题。电纺技术是一种简单、有效、可大量连续制备纳米纤维的方法。本文介绍了电纺制备纳米纤维前体,再通过预氧化、碳化和活化制备活性碳纳米纤维。详细分析了前体选择、孔结构调控对活性碳纳米纤维结构与性能的影响。前体主要决定活性碳纳米纤维产物的微观孔隙结构,孔隙结构调控主要包括间隙孔、大孔、介孔和微孔的调控。回顾了电纺活性碳纳米纤维在超级电容器电极、电吸附除盐电极、吸附过滤和催化剂及其催化剂载体等领域的应用。并提出今后可将催化剂与活性碳纳米纤维原位负载,在提高催化活性点方面进行更为深入的研究,以期获得更广泛的应用。

Activated carbon nanofibers with large surface area,high electrical and thermal conductivity and high porosity have gained extensive attention and how to further increase their surface area,porosity,especially micropore and mesopore content has been a hot issue to date.Electrospinning has been proved to be a versatile and effective way to prepare continual nanofibers.Activated carbon nanofibers prepared via as-spun precursor and followed by pre-oxidation,carbonization and activation are summarized.The effect of carbon precursor and pore structure control on the structure and properties of the activated carbon nanofibers are detailed discussed.The microstructure of activated carbon nanofibers were determined by as-spun precursor.The pore structure control,including interstitial pore,macrospore,mesopore and micropore is also introduced in detail.The application of activated carbon nanofibers in super capacitors electrode,electrochemical capacitive deionization,adsorption filtration and catalyst supports are reviewed.It may be expected that catalyst in situ loading on activated carbon nanofibers to increase catalytic active sites would be focused on in the future.