敬老院人群长期食用富钾低钠盐对摄盐量的影响

Influence of long-term consumption of edible rich-potassium low-sodium salt on salt intake in gerocomium population

目的探讨敬老院人群长期食用富钾低钠盐对摄盐量的影响。方法 2011年11月~2012年9月选取河北、内蒙古、山西、山东4省和北京市8个地区的31家敬老院,以地区和敬老院为单位,按简单整群随机方法分为对照组和干预组,干预组食用富钾低钠盐(KCl:Na Cl=1:1),对照组食用普通盐。对入选人群以及敬老院工作人员进行限盐对降低血压益处的健康宣教。在基线和食用盐干预24~31个月及48个月时,对敬老院食堂工作人员进行问卷调查,计算平均每人每天摄盐量。基线和48个月时收集随机点尿,检测尿电解质,计算尿钠钾比值。结果基线时人均每日盐摄入量对照组为(12.86±4.80)g,干预组为(12.58±2.85)g。24~31个月随访时,调查资料完整的1211例,对照组497例,干预组714例。48个月随访时,资料完整2153例,对照组1118例,干预组1035例。干预组随访时较基线人均每日盐摄入量明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。干预组随访时人均每日盐摄入量较对照组下降,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。基线时,对照组(1309例)随机尿钠钾比值为(7.86±4.43),干预组(933例)为(8.22±4.92)。48个月随访时:对照组(497例)钠钾比值为(4.21±2.27),干预组(714例)为(2.46±1.71),干预组明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与基线时比较,48个月随访时两组随机尿钠钾比值均明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。48个月随访时,与对照组比较,干预组钠钾比值下降(4.21±2.27)vs.(2.46±1.71),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论敬老院人群长期食用富钾低钠盐是限制盐摄入量的有效措施。但本研究人数变动较大,仍需进一步研究证实。

Objective To discuss the influence of long-term consumption of rich-potassium low-sodiumsalt on salt intake in gerocomium population.Methods The gerocomiums(n=31)were chosen from8areas in4provinces(Hebei,Inner Mongolia,Shanxi and Shandong)and Beijing from Nov.2011to Sept.2012,and then theywere divided,taking area and gerocomium as a unit,into control group and intervention group by using randomcluster method.The intervention group was given edible rich-potassium low-sodium salt(KCl:NaCl=1:1),andcontrol group was given general edible salt.Health education about the benefit of salt restriction for lowering bloodpressure was provided to chosen population and gerocomium staff.The gerocomium staff was given questionnairefor calculating average salt intake per person per day at baseline and during following up from24months to31months and for48months.The random spot urine was collected at baseline and after48months for detectingelectrolytes and calculating ratio of urine sodium and potassium.Results The average salt intake per person perday was(12.86±4.80)g in control group and(12.58±2.85)g in intervention group at baseline.The questionnairedata was complete in1211cases,and497in control group and714in intervention group during following up from24months to31months.After following up for48months,the questionnaire data was complete in2153cases,and1118in control group and1035in intervention group.The average salt intake per person per day decreasedsignificantly in intervention group during follow-up period compared with that at baseline(all P<0.05).The averagesalt intake per person per day decreased significantly in intervention group during follow-up period compared withthat in control group(all P<0.05).At baseline,the random ratio of urine sodium and potassium was(7.86±4.43)in control group(n=1309)and(8.22±4.92)in intervention group(n=933).During48-month follow-up period,the random ratio of urine sodium and potassium was(4.21±2.27in control group(n=497)and(2.46±1.71)inintervention group(n=714,P<0.05).The random ratio of urine sodium and potassium decreased significantly in2groups after following up for48months compared with that at baseline(all P<0.05).The random ratio of urinesodium and potassium decreased in intervention group compared with control group(4.21±2.27)vs.(2.46±1.71)during48-month follow-up period(P<0.05).Conclusion The long-term consumption of rich-potassium lowsodiumsalt is an effective way for restricting salt intake in gerocomium population.It is required further study toverify the conclusion as the number of people changed a lot in this study.