法律拟制抑或注意规定——“暴力袭警”条款之法律属性辨析

Legal Fiction or Note Provisions:An Analysis of the Legal Attribute of the Clause of “Assaulting Police by Violence”

"暴力袭警"条款在司法实践中存在法律拟制和注意规定两种解读,前者认为,暴力袭警从重处罚的依据在于警察作为暴力实施对象的特殊身份;后者认为,从重的依据在于"暴力袭击"这一妨害公务的行为手段,突出警察身份只是迫于袭警案件多发的社会现状而作的立法宣示。经对该条款立法背景、文本涵义的分析,该条款的设置仅仅是通过在立法中将"袭警"明确列举出来以实现一般预防目的,因而注意规定的解读更符合立法原意。从罪刑法定原则出发,司法实践中对"暴力袭击"应作相对严格的认定,只有具有主动性、攻击性的暴力才能认定为袭击,为了摆脱警察控制而实施的不具有攻击性的轻微暴力则不能构成。

There are two interpretations about the clause of“Assaulting police by violence”in judicial practice:One view is that the heavier punishment for assaulting the police is based on the special status of the police;Another view is that heavy punishment is based on the status of many such cases and the purpose of legislation is only to remind the public.On analyzing the legislative background and the meaning of the text,the provision is only to achieve the purpose of general prevention,so the latter interpretation is more in line with the legislative intent.Based on the principle of a legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime,“violent attack”should be relatively and strictly identified in the judicial practice.Only a proactive,aggressive violence can be identified as an attack and minor nonaggressive violence for the purpose of getting rid of police control does not constitute.