改进的大型场馆看台区行人疏散时间模型

Improved model about pedestrian evacuation time in large-scale stadium audience area

为改进传统Togawa行人疏散模型无法描述行人动态疏散特性的不足,在行人疏散动态交通特性分析的基础上,基于迭代思想和离散计算方法对传统Togawa模型进行改进,建立了改进的看台区行人疏散时间模型.以陕西省体育场大型活动为例,在行人交通特性分析的基础上,运用改进的疏散时间模型计算看台区行人疏散时间,并将改进的疏散时间模型、传统Togawa模型、Vissim行人疏散模型的仿真结果与实际计算结果进行对比分析.结果表明:改进的疏散时间模型的计算结果与实际调查结果的相对误差为4.4%,精确度最高;同时,改进的疏散时间模型充分考虑了行人疏散过程中的交通流特性,得到的疏散人数随疏散时间变化关系曲线更接近实际疏散过程.因此改进的行人疏散时间模型可以应用于大型体育场馆看台区行人疏散时间的计算.

The shortcomings of the traditional Togawa model were found through the analysis of the derivation process.Under the dynamic traffic characteristics analysis of pedestrian evacuation,the evacuation time model in the audience area was established based on the iteration theory and discrete computational methods.The improved evacuation time model was applied to the audience area of the stadium in Shaanxi Province and the evacuation time was analyzed based on the characteristics of the pedestrian transportation.The evacuation time calculated by the improved model,the traditional Togawa model and the Vissim simulation were compared with the practical survey results,respectively.The calculation results show that the relative error between the calculated results of the improved evacuation time model and the practical survey results is4.4%,it has the highest accuracy in terms of evacuation time,and in the evacuation process,the evacuation curve obtained by the model is more reasonable than those obtained by Vissim simulation and traditional Togawa model.Based on the results,the improved model can be used for the calculation of pedestrian evacuation time in large-scale stadium audience area.