3种垂直绿化基质中园林植物干旱适应性的比较

Study on Drought Adaptability of Landscape Plants in 3 Vertical Greening Substrates

夏季高温导致植物失水萎蔫甚至死亡是固化无土基质应用于垂直绿化的一个难题。该研究分析比较了传统基质和2种固化无土基质的保水性,测定了"常春藤"、"黄金络石"、"金禾女贞"、"金森女贞"、"银边六月雪"、"小叶栀子"和"银霜女贞"等7种园林植物在这3种基质中的干旱胁迫响应时间、复水后恢复状况、內源物含量和保护酶活性,并采用因子分析法对7种植物在不同基质中的干旱适应能力进行综合评价。结果显示:(1)传统基质保水性最强,国产固化无土基质"炭棉"次之,进口固化无土基质"保浮科乐"最差。(2)植物在传统基质中的干旱胁迫响应时间最长,"炭棉"其次,"保浮科乐"最短。(3)复水后,植物在传统基质中的恢复情况优于固化无土基质,但一些植物在固化基质中恢复情况也较好。(4)大部分植物在3种基质中叶片MDA含量和POD活性都表现出先增加后减少的趋势,但"常春藤"和"银边六月雪"在"炭棉"中20d的SOD活性显著增加,其他植物在3种基质中的SOD活性都无显著变化;可溶性蛋白含量在3种基质中的变化趋势相似,其中"常春藤"和"银边六月雪"持续降低,其他植物则表现为先增加后降低的趋势。(5)综合评价结果认为,"常春藤"、"银霜女贞"和"银边六月雪"在传统基质中有极强的干旱适应能力,而"常春藤"、"银边六月雪"和"金森女贞"在2种固化无土基质中有较强的干旱适应能力。

High temperature in summer often leads plants to lose water and even to die,which is a serious problem in application of solid soilless substrate in vertical greening.In order to solve this,the water retention of the traditional substrate,the imported solid soilless substrate‘Pafcal’,and the domestic solid soilless substrate‘Tan Mian’were compared,and a comprehensive evaluation on the drought adaptability of7landscape plants,includingHedera nepalensis,Trachelospermum asiaticum‘Ougonnishiki’,Ligustrum quihouiCarr.,Ligustrum japonicum‘Howardii’,Serissa japonica‘Variegata’,Gardenia jasminoidescv.prostrataandLigustrum japonicum‘Jack Frost’,were carried out by factor analysis,using drought stress response time,recovery after rewater,endogenous substances content and protective enzyme activity as indexes.The results showed that:(1)the traditional substrate had the strongest water retention,and‘Tan Mian’had stronger,while‘Pafcal’had the worst;(2)all of the plants in the traditional substrate had the longest drought stress response time,and which in‘Tan Mian’had longer,while which in‘Pafcal’had the shortest;(3)after rewatering,most plants in traditional substrate recovered much better than that in solid soilless substrates,butH.nepalensisandG.jasminoidescv.prostratarecovered well in solid soilless substrates;(4)MDA content and POD activity of most pants in all substrates increased firstly and then decreased;SOD activity ofH.nepalensisandL.japonicum‘Jack Frost’in‘Tan Mian’at20d increased markedly,yet which of the other plants showed no significant changes in all substrates;soluble protein content showed the same variation trend in all substrates,which was thatH.nepalensisandS.japonica‘Variegata’continuously decreased,while the others increased firstly and then decreased;(5)H.nepalensis,L.japonicum‘Jack Frost’andSerissa japonica‘Variegata’had extremely strong drought adaptability in the traditional substrate,yetH.nepalensis,S.japonica‘Variegata’andL.japonicum‘Howardii’had strong drought adaptability in both two solid soilless substrates.