黄果龙葵和龙葵染色体制片优化及核型分析

Optimization of Chromosome Sectioning Technique and Karyotype Analysis of Solanum nigrum var.suaveolens and Solanum nigrum

该实验以黄果龙葵和龙葵的根尖为实验材料,进行不同的预处理、固定和解离,确定出各种材料适合于核型分析的制片方法。结果表明:龙葵于15℃条件下经0.05%秋水仙素预处理2.5h,固定后用1mol/L HCl酸解后,染色观察,得到的染色体分散,易于染色体计数和形态观察。用此方法对黄果龙葵和龙葵进行核型分析,结果发现:黄果龙葵和龙葵都属于小型染色体,黄果龙葵为四倍体,核型公式为K(4n)=48=4sm+44m,核型不对称系数为56.22%,属于2B核型。龙葵为六倍体,核型公式为K(6n)=72=72m,核型不对称系数为55.89%,属于1B核型。

In this test,the experimental materials are root tips ofSolanum nigrumvar.suaveolensandSolanum nigrum.In order to determine pretreatment methods of the most suitable for karyotype analysis,we optimized processing the root tips by different pretreatment,fixed and different dissociation.Root tips ofSolanum nigrumL.are pretreated with0.05%colchicine for2.5h at15℃.Then root tips were hydrolyzed or6min in1mol/L HCl at60℃.The results showed the chromosome clearer.S.nigrumvar.suaveolensandS.nigrumare both belong to small chromosomes,S.nigrumvar.suaveolensis tetraploid,the karyotype formula is K(4n)=48=4sm+44m,karyotype asymmetry belongs to2B.The karyotype asymmetry coefficient was56.22%.S.nigrumL.is hexaploid,the karyotype formula is K(6n)=72=72m,karyotype asymmetry belongs to1B and the karyotype asymmetry index was55.89%.